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The earliest archaeological evidence of wine production yet found has been at sites in Georgia ( BC), Iran ( BC), Greece ( BC) and Armenia ( BC), where the oldest winery to date was uncovered. The altered consciousness produced by wine has been considered religious since its origin. The Greeks worshiped Dionysus and Bacchus and the Romans carried on his cult.〔(The history of wine in ancient Greece ) at greekwinemakers.com〕 Consumption of ritual wine was part of Jewish practice since Biblical times and, as part of the eucharist commemorating Jesus's Last Supper, became even more essential to the Christian Church. Although Islam nominally forbade the production or consumption of wine, during its Golden Age, alchemists such as Geber pioneered wine's distillation for medicinal and industrial purposes such as the production of perfume.〔Ahmad Y Hassan, (Alcohol and the Distillation of Wine in Arabic Sources )〕 The Turkic Uyghurs were even responsible for reïntroducing viticulture to China from the Tang dynasty onwards. Wine production and consumption increased, burgeoning from the 15th century onwards as part of European expansion. Despite the devastating 1887 phylloxera louse infestation, modern science and technology adapted and industrial wine production and wine consumption now occur throughout the world. ==Prehistory== The origins of wine predate written records, and modern archaeology is still uncertain about the details of the first cultivation of wild grapevines. It has been hypothesized that early humans climbed trees to pick berries, liked their sugary flavor, and then begun collecting them. After a few days with fermentation setting in, juice at the bottom of any container would begin producing low-alcohol wine. According to this theory, things changed around 10.000-8000 BC with the transition from a nomadic to a sedentism style of living, which led to agriculture and wine domestication. Wild grapes grow in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the northern Levant, coastal and southeastern Turkey, and northern Iran. The fermenting of strains of this wild ''Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris'' (the ancestor of the modern wine grape, ''V. vinifera'') would have become easier following the development of pottery during the later Neolithic, BC. However, the earliest evidence so far discovered dates from millennia afterwards. The earliest archaeological evidence of wine production yet found has been at sites in Georgia ( BC),〔〔〔 Iran ( BC), Greece ( BC) and Armenia ( BC).〔〔〔〔〔 The Iranian jars contained a form of retsina, using turpentine pine resin to more effectively seal and preserve the wine.〔 Production spread to other sites in Greater Iran and Grecian Macedonia by BC. The Greek site is notable for the recovery at the site of the remnants of crushed grapes.〔(Ancient Mashed Grapes Found in Greece ) Discovery News.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of wine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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